
Sweat lodge frame

Sweat lodge
The Sweat Lodge
By David Arneson, NMD
“Let us not forget that even for the most contemporary thinker who sees a majesty and grandeur in natural law, science cannot explain everything. We still have to face the ultimate miracle: the origin and the principle of life. This is the supreme mystery that is the essence of worship and without which there can be no religion. In the presence of this mystery all peoples must take an attitude much like that of the Indian, who beholds with awe the Divine in all creation.”
Ohiyesa (Charles Alexander Eastman)
Santee Sioux
Historically, the sweat lodge has an extensive cultural background. In Finland the sauna was the ritualistic bath. When one went into the sauna it was necessary to prepare as if to go to church. In Northern Russia the paritsia (meaning to steam oneself) was used for physical treatment, ritual, and for social events. Historical records show that the sauna, paritsia and the Native American sweat lodge have an uncanny resemblance: the use of a small, relatively air-tight structure, the production of steam by pouring water on hot rocks, and the use of fragrant herbs.
The combination of ritualistic, social and therapeutic ideas and modalities was also much in common. There were similar sweat baths in Japan, Africa, Greece and countless other cultures. Ivan Lopatin, in his article, Origin of the Native American Sweat Bath, states, “They both [the sauna and the sweat lodge] belong to the same general type and seem to have had an identical origin. Indeed, every characteristic of the sauna is at the same time a characteristic of the Native American sweat bath.”
There are many scientific benefits of the sweat lodge. The skin has been called the third kidney because of the ability of sweating to remove toxins from the body. The heat of the sweat lodge also has a deleterious effect on many viruses and bacteria. The endocrine glands are stimulated by the rise in heat, and impurities are flushed out of the body’s organs as the capillaries dilate and the blood flow increases. A Finnish study has shown that people with high blood pressure experience a marked, although temporary, drop in blood pressure when sweating in a sauna.
The negative ions released by pouring water on hot rocks counter fatigue and tension. However, it’s also easy to get carried away in the sweat lodge and cause serious damage to oneself, so the wise will heed the following advice on how to make the sweat lodge a memorable and safe journey.
- Eat very lightly during the day and fast for at least two hours before the sweat to avoid nausea, or worse! A Navajo once told me that they fast for two days and take an herb to empty their bowels, thereby enhancing the detoxification that goes on in the sweat lodge.
- HYDRATE, HYDRATE, HYDRATE!! Drink plenty of water well before the sweat. Remember the basic rule: once you notice you’re thirsty, you are already dehydrated.
- Wear loose, light weight clothing of natural material. In a coed sweat, men usually wear shorts or bathing trunks and sometimes a t-shirt or tank top. Women can wear the same, or a loose dress that covers the thighs and bodice. Tight spandex and elastic can become very uncomfortable, so remember, the idea is to release heat, protect delicate skin, respect the feelings of others, and be as comfortable as possible while sitting on the ground getting soaking wet for an hour or two. Please avoid strong fragrances!
- Metal jewelry can become very hot so it’s best to take it off. Eye glasses can also get hot and there’s nothing to see in the pitch dark lodge, anyway.
- Shoes must be removed before smudging and entering the lodge.
The sweat lodge leader has many responsibilities. Most importantly, he or she is responsible for the safety of everyone in the sweat lodge and so must be very observant. The leader needs to know if anyone is allergic to the types of herbs used to smudge or purify the lodge. He needs to know if any person is suffering from any ailment or condition that the heat and moisture may exacerbate. She needs to be aware of any emotional and/or spiritual hardships that someone may need help with, too.
Each participant has a responsibility to communicate this information to the leader before the sweat. The leader cannot enter the lodge with the mind and spirit weighted down with personal problems. He must enter the lodge with focus and a clear mind in order to perceive how best to serve others. It is her greatest prayer that she should become as a hollow bone for the Great Spirit to work through her to help heal all who need healing.
I’ve participated in many sweat lodge ceremonies and it is difficult to elucidate exactly what I have learned. As one cannot go to a church once and know everything about that particular religion, one cannot go to one sweat lodge and know everything there is to know about the sweat lodge. Paradoxically the more I learn, the more I realize that I don’t know. It is this infinite aspect of the tradition that keeps me involved in the learning process. Therefore, it is with some trepidation that I venture into this writing experience because at all costs, I do not wish to dishonor that which our Native American brothers and sisters hold with such reverence. I have a deep and abiding respect for the culture and the ceremony.
The type and energy of the lodge, the intentions of each individual person in the lodge, the focus and heart of the leader, the interactions of the people, and the recognition of all who enter that this is a sacred space; all have some bearing on what you experience and take with you when you complete the ceremony. I’m convinced that the Inipi (as the Lakota Sioux call the sweat lodge) is truly a ceremony that assists in the journey to healing and purifying the body, mind and spirit.
I’ve had the honor of sweating with Native Americans of the Lakota Sioux, Oneida, Osage, Cree, Iroquois, Crow, Apache and Blackfoot cultures. I’ve learned a little from each one and know that the way of ceremony may be different, but the intention is the same: we need to be a part of, not apart from; we need to disconnect from the concrete jungle and take the journey inward to reconnect with our souls and with our brothers and sisters, and with all of creation; we need to reinforce the idea of community.
It is through our own effort in the maintaining of our wellness of body, mind and spirit that we can become a positive force in giving something back to the community and world in which we live. This is not to say that the sweat lodge experience is the only way to accomplish this goal, but it is the primary purpose of the ceremonial sweat lodge.
I remember my first sweat lodge experience as totally a physical event. It was all I could do to hang on to complete the journey. Later several people who had been in the lodge told me that the sweat had been a mild one! It is this aspect of the lodge that most non-indigenous people connect with: the sweating out of the toxins, the increase in blood flow to the vital organs and the wonderful clean feeling, when complete, inside and out. But if that were all there were to it, one would be able to go down to the local health spa and sit in a sauna and reap the same results.
While I remember it as excruciating, the lessons from the first lodge were powerful. The first lodge for most is physical. It teaches us to stay humble, to accept what comes with some sense of dignity and faith. For this reason the lodge is a powerful teacher of how to accept overwhelming situations that come at us in life. The journey through the physical aspect of the lodge also allows us to journey inward to discover the inner strength to hang on in what seems to be an impossible situation. We begin to discover that we do have situations that occur in life where physical strength alone cannot overcome the obstacles in our path and that we can tap into another source of strength…the inner pathway…our higher power.
Because the sweat lodge is dark, wet and warm it has been described as the womb of the Earth Mother. When we enter we should leave all that connects us to what we know as reality and should prepare ourselves to be reborn. To enter the lodge with the world on our shoulders, to carry any negative energy into the lodge lessens the potential of the ceremony’s outcome.
This is the reason that each individual is smudged with sage, cedar, or other herbs before they enter the lodge. Jamie Sams (Native American medicine teacher, Iroquois/Cherokee descent), says it well: ”There cannot be an at-one-ment among the participants if someone is carrying resentment, hatred, jealousy, envy, or any other negative emotion.”
I learn more as time goes on, yet I still struggle with the cultural impatience that seems to permeate our society. I’ve been told that when you are ready your teacher will find you. These past twelve years have been definitely learning years, and the learning experiences are coming faster and faster. It is my hope that in recounting these personal experiences and the passing on of information that is pertinent to these experiences, that I will have assisted those that are searching for knowledge.
“The color of the skin makes no difference.
What is good and just for one is good and just for the other,
and the Great Spirit makes all men brothers.
I have a red skin, but my grandfather was a white man. What does it matter? It is not the color of the skin that makes me good or bad.”
White Shield
Arikara Chief